Norman kings during whose reign we witness influencial events are listed below:
William, the Conquerer (1066-1087) :His father was Robert, the Devil, the Duke of Normandy. William was called by his enemies William, the Bastard cause his parents never married. When he was 7 years old, William lost his father and soon became the Duke of Normandy. He married to his cousin, Matilda of Flanders and the granddaughter of king of France. They had 9 children.
After conquering England in 1066, William replaced Saxon Earls with Norman Barons so that he could rule over both England and part of France. In 1085 a survey was done and recorded in book named " Domesday Book" so William knew exactly what his new kingdom contained.
He also changed the English social system to Feudal System which means that everything (land, animals, buildings, etc) belongs to the king and others can rent them from king in return of military support. According to this system, the society is like a pyramid at the top of which stands the king, then Barons, knights, and finally peasants and local farmers. In this new system, the defeated Saxons were pushed to the lowest levels.
William died in 1087, and his son William Rufus (the red) came to the throne (1087-1100). He was called red because of his red hair and complexion. William II mysteriouly died out hunting in New Forest. He was very unpopular and many believe that he had been murdered. Rufus had no wife and no children so his brother Henry became the king. He ruled from 1100 to 1135. After Henry I, the Council offered the throne to Stephen, the grandson of the Conquerer. This led England to a civil war cause Henry I wanted his daughter, Matilda, to become the ruler, but the Council considered a woman unfit for ruling the country, so the country divided into two groups: advocates of Stephen and advocates of Matilda.
Stephen started his reign in 1135, and after one year the civil war began. In 1139, Matilda landed in England. In 1141, Stephen was briefly taken prisoner and Matilda declared the "Lady of English" until she was defeated at the battle of Farringdon in 1145. Finally, she agreed to end the war on this condition that his son Henry becomes the next king of England.
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